The article published in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy by Declan McCullagh is addressing the topic of how developing technology is impacting the law profession. The two parties that would be interested in this discussion would either be law students/lawyers or computer experts. After reading the article, it is clear that the target audiences are those in the law profession. There are multiple ways to tell that this is directed towards that particular audience, and the main give away is the style that the article was published. Some sentences elaborate on important concepts and give multiple words to fully explain what the speaker is addressing. This is related to the lawyers discourse community, or the overall communication style in a certain profession. It would be common for those in the legal profession to address issues of copyrights, privacy, and trusts, but it is unlikely that a computer expert would be interested in those topics.
I understand that the original copy of the piece is a speech which had been slightly altered to be published in the journal. Even the layout of the publication is a cue that this is intended for lawyers. For every new topic addressed there is a page break, which is not always common in some professional journals. Also there are numerous amounts of citations for some sentences that those outside of the target audience may not document. Also at the end of each topic are the records for the cited work above. The final element to knowing that this article is directed towards lawyers are knowing the credentials of the author (speaker) and the Harvard Law Journal. Just about anything published in the Harvard Law Journal will be aimed to readers that are savvy with law terminology and references. Also the speaker, McCullagh, is a well-regarded name in the law community so it makes sense he is speaking to law students and lawyers.
At first I thought it was difficult to tell who his audience was. The more I read though the more it made sense that this is directed towards lawyers and law students. Although much of the article was about different aspects of computer technologies it didn’t go in depth like you might expect it to if the audience was computer experts. The topics continued to come back to the law and how different parts of technology might be making law enforcement harder. The article also talked about how the law has to improve its cyber self to keep up with the law of this day. He says this is difficult because there are so many out there trying to do things the cheap and easy way. They write codes to download things off the internet. Every time that a person is caught then someone else comes up with a new way to get at things via the web. Another way that you can tell he is addressing lawyers and law students are through his tone. It is very precise and clear cut. He gives facts and backs them up so the reader knows that he did his homework. The way the paper is organized is another way to tell that it is directed towards the audience of law. We don’t very often see Roman Numerals in association with computer experts. The have their own language to write in so that they will be understood. This article is written for the common man to understand. I am sure that if it was written for computer experts there would be some word changes.
Question 1: First of all, my eyeball are interfered by the huge amount of articles which McCullagh quotes. There are too many quotations so that I couldn't find much ideas from McCullagh himself. Second, I am confused with the targeting audience as well like Malia posting her idea above. I feel like the targeting audience seems like the public, not the laywers and law students. I think the goal of this article should be a advocation to the pulic paying more attention to the legislation for the technology in order to protect the rights of the corresponding people. If the audience are lawyers and law students, I think the words should change to let them know how to deal with cases in the current legislation and providing ideas to the Congress. However, the whole article is about law for the technology; it seems like lawyers and law students should pay attention to this article, rather than the computer experts. And that McCullagh quotes are the articles about the law and the law code. Thus, McCullagh addresses lawyers and law more than computer experts, if only compares these two social groups.
#1- It is clear that McCullagh is addressing lawyers and law students because most of the article discusses technology regarding the law. The most obvious reason is due to the title of the publication being Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy. Clearly a large amount of researching was done, and the topics in the article were all related to the law, such as privacy, instead of just focusing on the computer aspect for computer experts. He addresses lawyers and law students by explaining how as technology continues to develop, it has an effect on the law. The author's style, layout, and the overall way the article is presented gives clues to the target audience that it is going for. Examples include the great amount of quotes and citations being used and the unique way he breaks up topics and pages.
We can tell that McCullagh is addressing lawyers and law students because although the piece is titles as Technology as Security, it appeared in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. Furthermore, McCullogh starts are by discussing technology, but he is not discussing technology in itself, but how technology has outpaced the law. He goes on to discuss copy protection, privacy rights, and free speech. These are all obviously topics that a lawyer would discuss and speak on. The subtitles and the content of the sections make it clear that McCullagh is addressing lawyers and law students. However, just scanning the subtitles may lead a reader to think the piece is addressing computer experts.
It is clear that Declan McCullough is addressing lawyers and law students in this written text for numerous reasons. One obvious reason is that the speech text was published in the Harvard Journal of Law & Public, and is titled ‘Is Technology Changing Law?’ The writing addresses the dangers of technology outreaching law, and if lawmakers can keep up. The article keeps up the question of the mix of technology and law, and also addresses copyrights, wiretaps and other important information. It would be important for law students and lawyers to recognize the connection between technology and law, and even to understand the possibility of technology outreaching modern law. The article may be useful and interesting to computer experts, but it is clearly addressed and given to lawyers and law students.
#1 The whole paper seems to speak toward the legal side of the technology games because of the wording and content of the speech. At the top of pg 82 of the reading, Declan McCullagh's first sentence is, "But truthfully,technology has begun to supplant law, and at an accelerated pace." As the paper goes on, there are various other ways to tell that this is directed at the law aspect. First and foremost, just look at the introduction. It provides the author's credentials and the title given to the speech. He covers a wide array of things, starting off by giving a technological introduction, then immediately hits the point of his argument, that technology is staying steps ahead of the law, then goes on to talk about copyrights, privacy and the like. The article, while interesting, is suited best toward the target audience, that being any person in a legal position, like a lawyer, or student, or possibly, and this is a stretch, a new record company.
A particular indicator of Declan McCullagh, demonstrating that he is addressing lawyers or law students and not computer or cyber experts is the terminology and evidence used in supporting his beliefs. McCullagh addresses this audience, members of the legal community, by repetitively citing legislation passed that directly relates to the topic of “whether developments in technology have outpaced the law” (pg.81). McCullagh often brings up the copyright act, FBI/CIA law indiscretions, and the distribution of material “that society has deemed illegal” (pg.86) which further strengthen the idea that he is speaking to lawyers. As the genres presented all fall into some legal bracket, with the style of evidence following suit. By evidence, I of course mean the material that McCullagh cites to support the processes he suggests are occurring. For instance McCullagh cites “Central Hudson v. Public Service Comm’n” which is a legal precedence, he also cites several legal Acts pertaining to online legal matters. Thus it can be inferred from the style of which he presents his material and the unambiguous evidence used to support it that there could be no other intended audience other than that of lawyer or law students. Further ecidence suggesting that McCullagh is not addressing cyber or computer experts is simple to address. Throughout the entirety of his this speech transcribed or revised into the paper that stands before analysis (dry court humor) is the fact that he never brings forth evidence when he presents the more computer mathematical side of online privacy. McCullagh compares how the internet and its users often take to advanced mathematical lingo to help protect the users privacy without ever citing an example or further expanding on how these other method of protection work. He instead uses them as a comparison to legal methods and gives brief rationale as to why they are used. Thus it can further be seen, the intended audience is not computer experts as evidence presented does not apply to their community.
The way that I can tell that McCullagh is addressing lawyers and law students versus computer experts by the language and vocabulary that he uses. The first thing that comes to mine when I read this question was were he would stated a problem with a certain technology and then he goes on to talk about what law was broken. After he has stated the law that was broke, he then goes into the law some more and also starts putting some dates out. The reason that this method works for lawyers and law students is because when studying law a person needs to know the situation, the law and how it effects the law, and the dates the law came around and the last time it was used effectively. Knowing the dates help out when using a law effectively because if this law was put in place in the 1800's it might have a different meaning that doesn't have anything to do with the subject matter that a person might be working on. Another good reason for them to know the date is this is an older law there is a good chance that this could have been amended. To me if McCullagh had been talking to computer experts I think he would have been using technology words that I wouldn't even try to understand and I don't believe he would have went in as much detail over everything else.
Addressing Question 1
ReplyDeleteThe article published in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy by Declan McCullagh is addressing the topic of how developing technology is impacting the law profession. The two parties that would be interested in this discussion would either be law students/lawyers or computer experts. After reading the article, it is clear that the target audiences are those in the law profession. There are multiple ways to tell that this is directed towards that particular audience, and the main give away is the style that the article was published. Some sentences elaborate on important concepts and give multiple words to fully explain what the speaker is addressing. This is related to the lawyers discourse community, or the overall communication style in a certain profession. It would be common for those in the legal profession to address issues of copyrights, privacy, and trusts, but it is unlikely that a computer expert would be interested in those topics.
I understand that the original copy of the piece is a speech which had been slightly altered to be published in the journal. Even the layout of the publication is a cue that this is intended for lawyers. For every new topic addressed there is a page break, which is not always common in some professional journals. Also there are numerous amounts of citations for some sentences that those outside of the target audience may not document. Also at the end of each topic are the records for the cited work above. The final element to knowing that this article is directed towards lawyers are knowing the credentials of the author (speaker) and the Harvard Law Journal. Just about anything published in the Harvard Law Journal will be aimed to readers that are savvy with law terminology and references. Also the speaker, McCullagh, is a well-regarded name in the law community so it makes sense he is speaking to law students and lawyers.
Question 1:
ReplyDeleteAt first I thought it was difficult to tell who his audience was. The more I read though the more it made sense that this is directed towards lawyers and law students. Although much of the article was about different aspects of computer technologies it didn’t go in depth like you might expect it to if the audience was computer experts. The topics continued to come back to the law and how different parts of technology might be making law enforcement harder. The article also talked about how the law has to improve its cyber self to keep up with the law of this day. He says this is difficult because there are so many out there trying to do things the cheap and easy way. They write codes to download things off the internet. Every time that a person is caught then someone else comes up with a new way to get at things via the web. Another way that you can tell he is addressing lawyers and law students are through his tone. It is very precise and clear cut. He gives facts and backs them up so the reader knows that he did his homework. The way the paper is organized is another way to tell that it is directed towards the audience of law. We don’t very often see Roman Numerals in association with computer experts. The have their own language to write in so that they will be understood. This article is written for the common man to understand. I am sure that if it was written for computer experts there would be some word changes.
Malia
Question 1:
ReplyDeleteFirst of all, my eyeball are interfered by the huge amount of articles which McCullagh quotes. There are too many quotations so that I couldn't find much ideas from McCullagh himself. Second, I am confused with the targeting audience as well like Malia posting her idea above. I feel like the targeting audience seems like the public, not the laywers and law students. I think the goal of this article should be a advocation to the pulic paying more attention to the legislation for the technology in order to protect the rights of the corresponding people. If the audience are lawyers and law students, I think the words should change to let them know how to deal with cases in the current legislation and providing ideas to the Congress. However, the whole article is about law for the technology; it seems like lawyers and law students should pay attention to this article, rather than the computer experts. And that McCullagh quotes are the articles about the law and the law code. Thus, McCullagh addresses lawyers and law more than computer experts, if only compares these two social groups.
Haoyi Wang
#1-
ReplyDeleteIt is clear that McCullagh is addressing lawyers and law students because most of the article discusses technology regarding the law. The most obvious reason is due to the title of the publication being Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy. Clearly a large amount of researching was done, and the topics in the article were all related to the law, such as privacy, instead of just focusing on the computer aspect for computer experts. He addresses lawyers and law students by explaining how as technology continues to develop, it has an effect on the law. The author's style, layout, and the overall way the article is presented gives clues to the target audience that it is going for. Examples include the great amount of quotes and citations being used and the unique way he breaks up topics and pages.
We can tell that McCullagh is addressing lawyers and law students because although the piece is titles as Technology as Security, it appeared in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. Furthermore, McCullogh starts are by discussing technology, but he is not discussing technology in itself, but how technology has outpaced the law. He goes on to discuss copy protection, privacy rights, and free speech. These are all obviously topics that a lawyer would discuss and speak on. The subtitles and the content of the sections make it clear that McCullagh is addressing lawyers and law students. However, just scanning the subtitles may lead a reader to think the piece is addressing computer experts.
ReplyDeleteQ1:
ReplyDeleteIt is clear that Declan McCullough is addressing lawyers and law students in this written text for numerous reasons. One obvious reason is that the speech text was published in the Harvard Journal of Law & Public, and is titled ‘Is Technology Changing Law?’ The writing addresses the dangers of technology outreaching law, and if lawmakers can keep up. The article keeps up the question of the mix of technology and law, and also addresses copyrights, wiretaps and other important information. It would be important for law students and lawyers to recognize the connection between technology and law, and even to understand the possibility of technology outreaching modern law. The article may be useful and interesting to computer experts, but it is clearly addressed and given to lawyers and law students.
#1
ReplyDeleteThe whole paper seems to speak toward the legal side of the technology games because of the wording and content of the speech. At the top of pg 82 of the reading, Declan McCullagh's first sentence is, "But truthfully,technology has begun to supplant law, and at an accelerated pace." As the paper goes on, there are various other ways to tell that this is directed at the law aspect. First and foremost, just look at the introduction. It provides the author's credentials and the title given to the speech. He covers a wide array of things, starting off by giving a technological introduction, then immediately hits the point of his argument, that technology is staying steps ahead of the law, then goes on to talk about copyrights, privacy and the like. The article, while interesting, is suited best toward the target audience, that being any person in a legal position, like a lawyer, or student, or possibly, and this is a stretch, a new record company.
Q1
ReplyDeleteA particular indicator of Declan McCullagh, demonstrating that he is addressing lawyers or law students and not computer or cyber experts is the terminology and evidence used in supporting his beliefs. McCullagh addresses this audience, members of the legal community, by repetitively citing legislation passed that directly relates to the topic of “whether developments in technology have outpaced the law” (pg.81). McCullagh often brings up the copyright act, FBI/CIA law indiscretions, and the distribution of material “that society has deemed illegal” (pg.86) which further strengthen the idea that he is speaking to lawyers. As the genres presented all fall into some legal bracket, with the style of evidence following suit. By evidence, I of course mean the material that McCullagh cites to support the processes he suggests are occurring. For instance McCullagh cites “Central Hudson v. Public Service Comm’n” which is a legal precedence, he also cites several legal Acts pertaining to online legal matters. Thus it can be inferred from the style of which he presents his material and the unambiguous evidence used to support it that there could be no other intended audience other than that of lawyer or law students.
Further ecidence suggesting that McCullagh is not addressing cyber or computer experts is simple to address. Throughout the entirety of his this speech transcribed or revised into the paper that stands before analysis (dry court humor) is the fact that he never brings forth evidence when he presents the more computer mathematical side of online privacy. McCullagh compares how the internet and its users often take to advanced mathematical lingo to help protect the users privacy without ever citing an example or further expanding on how these other method of protection work. He instead uses them as a comparison to legal methods and gives brief rationale as to why they are used. Thus it can further be seen, the intended audience is not computer experts as evidence presented does not apply to their community.
The way that I can tell that McCullagh is addressing lawyers and law students versus computer experts by the language and vocabulary that he uses. The first thing that comes to mine when I read this question was were he would stated a problem with a certain technology and then he goes on to talk about what law was broken. After he has stated the law that was broke, he then goes into the law some more and also starts putting some dates out. The reason that this method works for lawyers and law students is because when studying law a person needs to know the situation, the law and how it effects the law, and the dates the law came around and the last time it was used effectively. Knowing the dates help out when using a law effectively because if this law was put in place in the 1800's it might have a different meaning that doesn't have anything to do with the subject matter that a person might be working on. Another good reason for them to know the date is this is an older law there is a good chance that this could have been amended. To me if McCullagh had been talking to computer experts I think he would have been using technology words that I wouldn't even try to understand and I don't believe he would have went in as much detail over everything else.
ReplyDelete